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Introduction to Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking. Published: January 0. This paper also describe the goals of Microsoft. The modern personal computer (PC) has a very fast processor, vast memory, and a large hard disk, none of which are being fully utilized when performing common computing tasks such as e- mail and Web browsing. The modern PC can easily act as both a client and server (a peer) for many types of applications.
The typical computing model for many applications is a client/server model. A server computer typically has vast resources and responds to requests for resources and data from client computers. Client computers initiate requests for resources or data from server computers. A good example of the client/server model of computing is Web browsing. Web servers on the Internet are typically high- end dedicated server computers with very fast processors (or multiple processors) and huge hard disk arrays.
The Web server stores all of the content associated with a Web site (HTML files, graphics, audio and video files, etc.) and listens for incoming requests to view the information on a particular Web page. When a page is requested, the Web server sends the page and its associated files to the requesting client. Peer- to- peer networking has the following advantages over client/server networking: Content and resources can be shared from both the center and the edge of the network. In client/server networking, content and resources are typically shared from only the center of the network. A network of peers is easily scaled and more reliable than a single server. A single server is subject to a single point of failure or can be a bottleneck in times of high network utilization.
A network of peers can share its processor, consolidating computing resources for distributed computing tasks, rather than relying on a single computer, such as a supercomputer. Shared resources of peer computers can be directly accessed. Rather than sharing a file stored on a central server, a peer can share the file directly from its local storage. Peer- to- peer networking solves the following problems: Allows the processing resources of edge computers to be utilized for distributed computing tasks.
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- Figure 1: Windows Peer-to-Peer Networking architecture in Windows XP. The SSP used for groups is known as the P2P Group Connect Protocol SSP.
Allows local resources to be shared directly, without the need for intermediate servers. Allows efficient multipoint communication without having to rely on IP multicast infrastructure. Peer- to- Peer Networking Scenarios.
Peer- to- peer networking enables or enhances the following scenarios: Real- time communications (RTC)Collaboration. Content distribution. Distributed processing.
Improved Internet technologies. Real- Time Communications (RTC)For RTC, peer- to- peer networking enables serverless instant messaging and real- time matchmaking and game play. Serverless instant messaging. RTC exists today. Computer users can chat and have voice or video conversations with their peers today. If you are participating in an ad- hoc wireless network or are a part of an isolated network, you are unable to use these RTC facilities.
Peer- to- peer technology allows the extension of RTC technologies to these additional networking environments. Real- time matchmaking and game play. Similar to RTC, real- time game play exists today. There are many Web- based game sites that cater to the gaming community via the Internet. They offer the ability to find other gamers with similar interests and play a game together.
The problem is that the game sites exist only on the Internet and are geared toward the avid gamer who wants to play against the best gamers in the world. These sites track and provide the statistics to help in the process. However, these sites do not allow a gamer to set up an ad- hoc game among friends in a variety of networking environments. Peer- to- peer networking can provide this capability. Collaboration. For collaboration, peer- to- peer networking allows the sharing of a workspace, files, and experiences. An example of a collaboration- based Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking application is Windows Meeting Space, which is included in Windows Vista. For more information, see Windows Meeting Space.
Project workspaces solving a goal. Shared workspace applications allow for the creation of ad- hoc workgroups and then allow the workgroup owners to populate the shared workspace with the tools and content that will allow the group to solve a problem. This could include message boards, productivity tools, and files. Sharing your files with other people. A subset of project workspace sharing is the ability to share files. Although this ability exists today with the current version of Windows, it can be enhanced through peer- to- peer networking to make file content available in an easy and friendly way. Allowing easy access to the incredible wealth of content at the edge of the Internet or in ad- hoc computing environments increases the value of network computing.
Sharing your experiences. With wireless connectivity becoming more prevalent, peer- to- peer networking allows you to be online in a group of peers and to be able to share your experiences (such as a sunset, a rock concert, or a vacation cruise) while they are occurring. Content Distribution. Peer- to- peer networking allows the distribution of text, audio, and video and software product updates. Text messages. Peer- to- peer networking can allow for the dissemination of text- based information in the form of files or messages to a large group of users.
An example is a news list. Audio and video. Peer- to- peer networking can also allow for the dissemination of audio or video information to a large group of users, such as a large concert or company meeting. To distribute the content today, you must configure high- capacity servers to collect and distribute the load to hundreds or thousands of users. With peer- to- peer networking, only a handful of peers would actually get their content from the centralized servers. These peers would flood this information out to a few more people who send it to others, and so on. The load of distributing the content is distributed to the peers in the cloud.
A peer that wants to receive the content would find the closest distributing peer and get the content from them. Distribution of product updates. Peer- to- peer networking can also provide an efficient mechanism to distribute software such as product updates (security updates and service packs).
A peer that has a connection to a software distribution server can obtain the product update and propagate it to the other members of its group. Distributed Processing. Peer- to- peer networking allows computing tasks to be distributed and processor resources to be aggregated. Division and distribution of a task.
A large computing task can first be divided into separate smaller computing tasks well suited to the computing resources of a peer. A peer could do the dividing of the large computing task. Then, peer- to- peer networking can distribute the individual tasks to the separate peers in the group. Each peer performs its computing task and reports its result back to a centralized accumulation point.
Aggregation of computer resources. Another way to utilize peer- to- peer networking for distributed processing is to run programs on each peer that run during idle processor times and are part of a larger computing task that is coordinated by a central server. By aggregating the processors of multiple computers, peer- to- peer networking can turn a group of peer computers into a large parallel processor for large computing tasks. Improved Internet Technologies. Peer- to- peer networking can also provide an improved utilization of the Internet and support new Internet technologies.
Historically, the Internet was designed so that network peers can have end- to- end connectivity. The modern- day Internet, however, more closely resembles a client/server environment where communication in many cases is not end- to- end due to the prevalence of Network Address Translators (NATs). This return to the original purpose of the Internet will enable the creation of a new wave of applications for personal communication and group productivity. Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking.
Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking is a developer platform to create peer- to- peer applications for computers running Windows XP with Service Pack 2, Windows XP Professional x. Edition, Windows XP with Service Pack 1 and the Advanced Networking Pack for Windows XP, or Windows Vista.
The long- term goal of Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking is the following: To enable people to communicate securely and share information with one another without a dependence on centralized servers, but to work even better when servers are present. Computers running Windows Vista already have Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking installed. For computers running Windows XP with SP2, do the following to install Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking: Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs.
Click Add/Remove Windows Components. In Components, click Networking Services (but do not select its check box), and then click Details. Select the Peer- to- Peer check box, and then click OK. Click Next, and then follow the instructions in the wizard. For computers running Windows XP with Service Pack 1 (SP1), you can install Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking with the Advanced Networking Pack for Windows XP, a free download. The design of Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking incorporates the following principles: Secure.
Scalable. Distributed. Serverless. Robust in the face of failure and/or attack. Self- tuning. Self- repairing. How these design principles were achieved is described throughout this paper. Windows Peer- to- Peer Networking and DNSAnother point of contrast between client/server and peer- to- peer networking is the use of the Domain Name System (DNS). Server computers are typically registered in DNS so that client computers can resolve a name to the IP address of the server computer.